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         INTRODUCTION TO HIGH-LEVEL PROGRAMMING (C++)
         PRACTICAL LAB SESSION 7: Strings
         State University of Zanzibar (SUZA)
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OBJECTIVES:
- Work with C-style strings (char arrays) and C++ strings
- Use string library functions
- Manipulate characters and strings
- Solve text processing problems

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PART A: BASIC STRING OPERATIONS
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1. String Input:
   Read a full name (with spaces) using getline(). Display it.
   Display the length of the string.

2. String Concatenation:
   Read first name and last name separately. Concatenate them with a space
   and display: "Full name: [first] [last]"

3. String Comparison:
   Read two strings. Compare them and display whether they are equal,
   or which one comes first alphabetically.

4. Character Counter:
   Read a string. Count and display:
   - Total characters (including spaces)
   - Letters (uppercase + lowercase)
   - Digits
   - Spaces
   - Special characters
   Test: "Hello World! 123" -> Letters: 10, Digits: 3, Spaces: 2, Special: 1

5. Case Conversion:
   Read a string. Display it in:
   - All uppercase
   - All lowercase
   - Toggle case (swap upper/lower)
   Test: "Hello World" -> "HELLO WORLD", "hello world", "hELLO wORLD"


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PART B: STRING MANIPULATION
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6. Reverse a String:
   Read a string and display it reversed.
   Test: "Hello" -> "olleH"

7. Palindrome Check:
   Read a string. Check if it's a palindrome (ignore case and spaces).
   Test: "madam" -> Palindrome
   Test: "Race Car" -> Palindrome (ignoring case and spaces)
   Test: "hello" -> Not palindrome

8. Word Counter:
   Read a sentence. Count the number of words.
   Test: "Hello World How Are You" -> 5 words

9. Find and Replace:
   Read a sentence, a word to find, and a word to replace it with.
   Display the modified sentence.
   Test: "I love cats" find "cats" replace "dogs" -> "I love dogs"

10. Substring Extraction:
    Read a string, start position, and length. Extract and display the
    substring.
    Test: "Hello World", start=6, length=5 -> "World"

11. Remove Vowels:
    Read a string. Display it with all vowels removed.
    Test: "Hello World" -> "Hll Wrld"

12. Capitalize First Letter of Each Word:
    Read a sentence. Capitalize the first letter of every word.
    Test: "hello world from suza" -> "Hello World From Suza"


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PART C: C-STYLE STRINGS (char arrays)
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13. String Copy:
    Implement your own string copy function (without using strcpy).
    void myStrcpy(char dest[], const char src[]);

14. String Length:
    Implement your own string length function (without using strlen).
    int myStrlen(const char str[]);

15. String Compare:
    Implement your own string compare function (without using strcmp).
    int myStrcmp(const char s1[], const char s2[]);
    Return 0 if equal, negative if s1 < s2, positive if s1 > s2.


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PART D: EXTRA PRACTICE (LeetCode / HackerRank Style)
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16. [Easy] Count Vowels and Consonants
    Read a string. Count vowels and consonants separately.
    Test: "Hello World" -> Vowels: 3, Consonants: 7

17. [Easy] Check Anagram
    Read two strings. Check if they are anagrams (same letters, different order).
    Test: "listen" and "silent" -> Anagram
    Test: "hello" and "world" -> Not anagram

18. [Easy] First Non-Repeating Character
    Find the first character that doesn't repeat in a string.
    Test: "aabbcdd" -> 'c'
    Test: "aabb" -> No non-repeating character
    LeetCode 387

19. [Easy] Valid Palindrome
    Check if string is palindrome, considering only alphanumeric characters
    and ignoring case.
    Test: "A man, a plan, a canal: Panama" -> true
    LeetCode 125

20. [Medium] Longest Common Prefix
    Find the longest common prefix among an array of strings.
    Test: ["flower","flow","flight"] -> "fl"
    Test: ["dog","racecar","car"] -> "" (no common prefix)
    LeetCode 14

21. [Medium] Compress String
    Implement basic string compression using counts of repeated characters.
    Test: "aabcccccaaa" -> "a2b1c5a3"
    If compressed isn't shorter, return original.

22. [Medium] Caesar Cipher
    Encrypt a string by shifting each letter by k positions.
    Test: "Hello" k=3 -> "Khoor"
    Test: "xyz" k=2 -> "zab" (wrap around)
    HackerRank: hackerrank.com/challenges/caesar-cipher-1

23. [HackerRank] CamelCase
    Count the number of words in a camelCase string.
    Link: hackerrank.com/challenges/camelcase
    Test: "saveChangesInTheEditor" -> 5

24. [HackerRank] Strong Password
    Check password strength: min 6 chars, must have uppercase, lowercase,
    digit, special character. Return characters needed to make it strong.
    Link: hackerrank.com/challenges/strong-password

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